Mezlocillin Sodium

A to Z Drug Facts

Mezlocillin Sodium

	Action
	Indications
	Contraindications
	Route/Dosage
	Interactions
	Lab Test Interferences
	Adverse Reactions
	Precautions
Patient Care Considerations
	Administration/Storage
	Assessment/Interventions
	Patient/Family Education

(MEZZ-low-SILL-in SO-dee-uhm)

Mezlin

Class: Antibiotic/penicillin

Action Inhibits biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall mucopeptide.

Indications Treatment of infections of lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin or skin structure; intra-abdominal infections; uncomplicated gonorrhea; gynecological infections; septicemia; streptococcal infections; severe infections; and pseudomonas infections caused by susceptible strains of specific microorganisms and prophylaxis.

Contraindications Hypersensitivity to penicillins.

Route/Dosage

ADULTS: IM/IV 200 to 300 mg/kg/day in 4 to 6 divided doses. Usual doses are 3 g q 4 hr or 4 g q 6 hr. IM doses should not exceed 2 g/injection. CHILDREN > 1 MO to < 12 YR: IM/IV 50 mg/kg q 4 hr. NEONATES: IV 75 mg/kg q 6 to 12 hr.

Interactions

Contraceptives, oral: May reduce efficacy of oral contraceptives. Tetracyclines: May impair bactericidal effects of mezlocillin. INCOMPATIBILITIES: Parenteral aminoglycosides may inactivate aminoglycosides in vitro; o not mix in same IV solution.

Lab Test Interferences Antiglobulin (Coombs') test: Drug may cause false-positive results in certain patient groups. Urine glucose test: Drug may cause false-positive results with copper sulfate tests (eg, Benedict test, Fehling test, or Clinitest tablets); enzyme-based tests (eg, Clinistix, Tes-tape) are not affected. Urine protein determinations: Drug may cause false-positives with sulfosalicylic acid and boiling test, acetic acid test, biuret reaction and nitric acid test; bromphenol blue test (Multi-Stix) not affected.

Adverse Reactions

CNS: Neurotoxicity (eg, lethargy, neuromuscular irritability, hallucinations, convulsions, seizures); dizziness; fatigue; insomnia; reversible hyperactivity; rolonged muscle relaxation. DERM: Ecchymosis. EENT: Itchy eyes. GI: Nausea; vomiting; abdominal pain or cramp; diarrhea or bloody diarrhea; ectal bleeding; flatulence; enterocolitis; pseudomembranous colitis; anorexia. GU: Interstitial nephritis (oliguria, proteinuria, hematuria, hyaline casts, pyuria); nephropathy; elevated creatinine or BUN. HEPA: Transient hepatitis; cholestatic jaundice. HEMA: Anemias; thrombocytopenia; eosinophilia; leukopenia; granulocytopenia; eutropenia; bone marrow depression; agranulocytosis; reduced hemoglobin or hematocrit; prolongation of bleeding time and PT; altered blood cell counts. META: Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase; hypernatremia; reduced serum potassium, albumin, total proteins, and uric acid. OTHER: Hypersensitivity reactions that may lead to death; vaginitis; hyperthermia; ain at site of injection; deep vein thrombosis; hematomas; vein irritation; hlebitis; sciatic neuritis.

Precautions

Pregnancy: Category B. Lactation: Excreted in breast milk. Bleeding abnormalities: Hemorrhagic manifestations associated with abnormalities of coagulation tests (bleeding time, PT, platelet aggregation) may occur. Abnormalities should revert to normal when drug is discontinued. Hypersensitivity: Reactions range from mild to life threatening. Administer cautiously to cephalosporin-sensitive patients because of possible cross reactivity. Pseudomembranous colitis: Consider in patients with diarrhea. Sodium content: 1.85 mEq sodium/g. Superinfection: May result in bacterial or fungal overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms.

PATIENT CARE CONSIDERATIONS

Administration/Storage

For IV administration reconstitute each gram of mezlocillin sodium with 9 to 10 ml of sterile water, D5W, or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection; shake vigorously.
Temporarily discontinue administration of any other solution during infusion.
May inject reconstituted solution ³ 10% into vein or IV tubing; infuse slowly over 3 to 5 min.
For IM administration reconstitute each gram of mezlocillin sodium with 3 to 4 ml of 0.5% to 1% lidocaine HCl without epinephrine. Inject into large muscle slowly (12 to 15 sec) to minimize discomfort.
Store unreconstituted mezlocillin at room temperature.

Assessment/Interventions

Obtain patient history, including drug history and any allergies.
Monitor I&O throughout therapy.
Monitor liver function, hematology (WBC, RBC, hgb, hct, bleeding time), and renal function.
Assess bowel function.
Assess respiratory status.
Observe IV site for thrombophlebitis.
Notify physician of hemorrhagic manifestations associated with abnormalities in coagulation time.

OVERDOSAGE: SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
	Neuromuscular hyperexcitability, seizures, convulsive seizures, agitation, confusion, asterixis, hallucinations, stupor, coma, multifocal myoclonus, encephalopathy, hyperkalemia

Patient/Family Education

Instruct patient to report the following symptoms to physician: kin rash, itching, hives, severe diarrhea, shortness of breath, wheezing, black tongue, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, fever, swollen joints, or any unusual bleeding or bruising.